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Showing posts with label Teaching and learning. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Teaching and learning. Show all posts

Sunday, 9 September 2018

An open letter to Peter Thomas (Chair of the National Association of Teachers of English)


Dear Peter,

Many thanks for responding to my tweets about your recent article in the NATE magazine in which you offered your thoughts on @Team_English1 and subsequently allowing the article itself to be shared free of copyright.

As you’ve made it clear you’re not yet fully conversant in the social mores of Twitter, I’ve decided to write to you in a traditional form you’ll hopefully feel more at home with: the letter. I’d draw your attention to the fact that, on your advice to “Try quoting some other parts [of your article]”, I’ve done exactly that.

So why, given that many of us would agree with some of your critiques, have members of Team English been left “howling” (to use your preferred verb)? Well, for a start, there was a failure to complete basic fact checking – such as the names of the teachers you had directly referred to. Although I am tempted to retain the monikers you’ve rechristened “Nikki Noopuddles” and “X Curtis” with purely for my own amusement, this feels demonstrative of a wider failure to engage with the real people at the heart of your piece. (It’s Carlin and Chris in case you were wondering.)

You characterise English teachers who ask for help and support as “weak” or unsuited to the job of teaching stating, “limited professional or academic confidence may reflect the nature of recruitment”. You then go on to assert that “Many of the Team English pleas for assistance indicate some very basic teacher needs and anxieties, and a lack of autonomous confidence in subject knowledge and pedagogy that might make some wince.” My first reaction was ‘thank God you weren’t my NQT mentor’. Or Head of English. Or, colleague, for that matter.

How can we develop as a profession if any admittance of a lack of confidence or even anxiety are met with a physical shudder? Surely, the role of a Subject Association is to share subject-specific expertise and pedagogy, not to look down its nose at teachers who are actively seeking it out? The idea that any teacher should have “autonomous confidence” in every aspect of their subject knowledge and practice throughout their career is a damaging one, in my opinion, that stifles professional development and dialogue.

Such elitist attitudes pull up the drawbridge to high quality professional development at a time when our profession needs it the most. When I hear statements like the one you made in a tweet that “My background is in a more academically robust community of speciality enthusiasts” I want to say ‘Good-o for you’. If academic rigour in subject expertise is confined to a niche community within teaching how on earth are we going to improve the teaching available to every child in every school?

As a side note, the news that I am not considered a ‘speciality enthusiast’ will come as news to my long-suffering husband. You’d also better warn the publishers of Mark Roberts and Chris Curtis they’re not considered ‘academically rigorous’ – and ResearchEd of the same about Rebecca Foster and Sarah Barker, for that matter.

In your article you criticise the “formulaic approach” being shared by members of TE but this implication of a homogenous ‘Team English pedagogy’ belies the 18,000 individual contexts, ideas, and perspectives that make up this online community. Be assured that there are many heated disagreements about aspects of practice.

Similarly, your comments about the variable quality of resources and advice on offer demonstrate a lack of understanding of the nature of the online world. Of course the resources are of variable quality: it’s a mark of the wonderful, diverse nature of the Team English demographic. It’s also one of the reasons LitDrive has tentatively introduced a star rating system. But I passionately believe that judgement-free, peer-to-peer sharing is vital if we are going to stimulate dialogue about what constitutes that very quality we are seeking. The moment we metaphorically close our classroom doors through fear of judgement it is immensely hard to prize them open again.

So, why did we not all swoon at your ‘compliments’ or, as you have continually argued, the “favourable publicity” for Team English? Well, because they were buried alongside sweeping accusations such as “There is very little in all this to suggest a wider or deeper concern with English as a humane discipline with substantial roots and flourishing fruits”. Whilst beautifully figurative, I find this quite simply insulting. One glance at the programme for the 2018 National Conference would see that this is not the case, with sessions exploring curriculum, grammar, rhyme, ‘building a culture of academic tenacity’, authorial purpose, and values and diversity.

You suggested by tweet that it would be “Better to direct outrage against those who undermine or damage the values I think we share.” The values I share with Team English are a belief in open sharing, support, and professional challenge. Whilst I cannot – and must not – infer intention from your article alone, the snobbery, denigrating tone, and lack of dialogue with those you have written about to me do not reflect these values. I’d also suggest that the characterisation of female teachers as ‘howling’ with “sensitivities” has more than a whiff of misogyny to it.

My desire in writing this letter is not to further division; I really do care about the future of NATE. There is very clearly a space for a professional association with a “coherent, regulated editorial function” which you rightly state Team English does not have as a group of disparate individuals. However, in order to function effectively I do believe NATE needs to reflect on how – in 2018 and beyond – it can best engage with the community of teachers it supposedly represents.

You state “subject associations are able to speak to other agencies on behalf of English”. Well, no, I’m sorry, they can’t when they no longer have the trust, ear, or financial support of English teachers. For example, I am curious as to how many main scale classroom practitioners from state schools have the luxury of attending the annual NATE conference. Just one day this year cost £200. It’s probably worth pointing out that a day at the Team English National Conference cost a tenner.

I hope that a more productive relationship between NATE and Team English can emerge over the coming academic year. Another offer has been made for NATE to be represented at the Team English National Conference and I for one will still be making a beeline to any stand or sessions you may choose to run.

Yours sincerely,

Caroline Spalding

English teacher

Monday, 1 May 2017

Teaching ideas: what has worked for me recently?



I've been pretty rubbish at blogging about practical teaching strategies for a while now. Perhaps it's my new role this year or starting to write for TES, but squeezing blog writing into my schedule has become a bit of an impossible task. Luckily, the seconds it takes to quickly take a photo and write a tweet has meant I haven't stopped documenting much of what works in my classroom.

For a while I've been meaning to pull all of this together so that people can find it without having to try to navigate the search function on Twitter. Finally, thanks to the joys of the bank holiday I've done it. So, here goes: an attempt to sum up what has worked for me recently in my English classroom...

Notes: I've only included things that I think are originally my ideas or were inspired by the work of the brilliant teachers in my Faculty. If you are at all concerned I've not credited or have incorrectly included someone else's idea please do just give me a shout! I've also hyperlinked to the original tweet as in many cases people have gone away and produced something better in their own schools as a result.


Try using the 'literally' (what's actually happening), 'metaphorically' (the deeper meaning, often feelings) and 'symbolically' (what it's teaching us about all people/life) as a way of encouraging students to explore meanings in literary texts.



























Aim high and introduce GCSE students to critical theory using my postcards. If you search 'critical postcards' on Twitter you'll see a million adaptations for different texts.



















Use circles to scaffold analysis instead of sentence starters. This is the work of Lauren Hucknall (@HucknallL) who's in my Faculty. You should all follow her as she's a ridiculously brilliant teacher who I've nicked heaps from this year.



Students often struggle to explain the effect on the reader or the impact on language beyond happy/sad. Create a word bank at the start of the lesson by getting them to label emojis.











Give your students these terminology flash cards to improve their critical vocabulary.


Try limiting the ways GCSE short story writing can be structured using these three approaches. Free rein is rarely successfully in my experience...



Or, teach them to write from unusual narrative perspectives.

 










Give students a vocabulary help sheet - not just analytical terms - when approaching a literary text.
























Try synonym links as a quick task to build vocabulary. Ask students to consider the impact of each word choice. Note this was nicked from a member of my Faculty who's not on Twitter.















Use 'Would I lie to you?' to introduce new vocabulary. In this examples the words were taken from short story students were about to read.



















Use sticky labels to help students organise their revision work



Label your resources by number for ease of reference. Make '0' the SoW and any pre-reading you want teachers to complete.





















We write on the cover of books when we do work scrutiny and moderation so students, parents, and senior leaders can see that we have high expectations and are checking.



Tuesday, 31 May 2016

Reassessing assessment


WOOO WOOOOOO all aboard the 'Assessment without levels' juggernaut!

So, this time last lear the time had finally come for my school to take its first steps on the journey that is redefining assessment in a life after levels.

And what an exciting trip it's proven to be. Because, once you get over the terrifying, often chaotic, smorgasboard of options available to you, and get your head around the appallingly fragmented nature of attempting to compare progress of cohorts across differing specs, schools, key stages, LAs, systems, you'll realise we're actually in a PRETTY POWERFUL position.

For once the decision-making is in our hands: we are redefining assessment in a way that works in our schools and for our students.

Of course, all of this should be prefaced with the fact that I am a very lucky teacher.

I'm lucky that my school decided the way ahead was to set up a working party of interested teachers to consider what might work best for us, rather than making top-down decisions. 

I'm also lucky that at that working party, with just weeks of the summer term left, our brave Senior AHT decided to listen to the enthusiastic voices of the Faculty leaders for English and Maths (@mr_g_walton) and gave us permission to go ahead with a September launch, piloting an assessment model ahead of a school-wide launch in September 2016. 

Mostly, I'm lucky for the team work and quiet wisdom of my superb DHoF (@miss_s_fry) and the skill and enthusiasm of our team for taking on a new approach whilst also grappling with new GCSE and A Level specifications.

In the rest of this post you'll find an attempt to quantify what we did, why we did it, and what happens next. I've done a stack of reading around the topic and apologise if I've unwittingly failed to credit any ideas from others. I will say in advance that I'm 100% indebted to the magnificent Freya Odell @fod3 for sharing her own new KS3 assessment criteria and giving me a much needed starting point for our own and the 'Growth and Thresholds' work of Shaun Allison @shaunallison on which our whole  school approach is built. 


What did we set out to do?

1. Rather than seeking to reinvent the wheel, we wanted to make sure we used best practice from other schools further on in their AwL journey. As already stated, our starting point was primarily the ‘Thresholds and Growth’ model developed by Shaun Allison, but I was also interested by the way in which the likes of Alex Quigley (@HuntingEnglish) mapped back from the skills students need to study English at A Level and beyond.

2. We wanted to ensure that clearly communicating to students what they needed to do in the classroom to improve was at the core of our new assessment model. We also wanted to make this easier for teachers, doing away with superfluous assessment folders, APP grids, cover sheets etc. Basically, we wanted to do less better. 

3. We wanted to focus on achievement in relation to students’ end of KS2 starting points, showing that we valued the progress of ALL students,
 in order to foster a growth mindset and to encourage students to value their own progress. Early on we realised that this necessitated rejection of purely age-related expectations which weren't going to be appropriate for our wonderfully varied intake and that felt unhelpful for students with SEN.

4. We wanted to create assessment objectives that more effectively prepared students for the increased challenge of all the new GCSE/A Level courses.
 Again, we also felt that intuitively we could reduce the number of AFs to create something more easily communicated and understood.

5. We wanted to more effectively track student achievement in different aspects of English so we could more effectively target our interventions to address underachievement.
 This is one we've returned to: 'do not collect data if you're not going to do anything with it' I now have tattooed on my soul.


What did we then do as a result?

We took a good hard look at book marking and decided that what helps students improve is high quality verbal and written feedback - not an often arbitrary number. We therefore decided all formative work would simply state:
ATL = Attitude to learning
WWW = What went well
EBI = Even better if

We then decided we still needed a standardised way of knowing if students were making good progress. We decided to do this by staying with our model of termly assessments. These needed to be marked and so we set about developing our own AOs and assessment criteria.

We did this by using A Level and GCSE assessment objectives to boil down achievement in English to its base elements. 
For example, reading has six AOs:

A Level
Lit AO5: Explore literary texts informed by different interpretations.
Lit AO2: Analyse ways in which meanings are shaped in literary texts.

Lang AO2: Demonstrate critical understanding of concepts and issues relevant to language use.

Lang AO1: Apply appropriate methods of language analysis, using associated terminology 
Lit AO1: Articulate informed, personal and creative responses to literary texts, using associated concepts and terminology
Lit AO4: Explore connections across literary texts.

Lang AO4: Explore connections across texts, informed by linguistic concepts and methods.
Lit AO3: Demonstrate understanding of the significance and influence of the contexts in which literary texts are written and received.

Lang AO3: Analyse and evaluate how contextual factors and language features are associated with the construction of meaning.
GCSE
AO1 Identify and interpret explicit and implicit information and ideas. Selects and synthesises evidence from different texts.
AO2 Explain, comment on and analyse how writers use language to achieve effects and influence readers, using relevant subject terminology
AO2 Explain, comment on and analyse how writers use structure to achieve effects and influence readers, using relevant subject terminology
AO4 Evaluate texts critically and support this with appropriate textual references.
AO3 Compare writers’ ideas and perspectives, as well as how these are conveyed, across two or more texts.
AO3 Considering the significance of context
KS3
Reading for meaning
Analysis of language
Analysis of structure
Personal, critical response
Comparison
Understanding of context

We used the top of the GCSE mark scheme to create a bench mark of excellence for students at KS3. From there, we considered the achievement benchmarks we would expect them to meet as they stepped towards this.

A Level
Lit AO5: Explore literary texts informed by different interpretations.
GCSE
AO1 Identify and interpret explicit and implicit information and ideas. Selects and synthesises evidence from different texts.
KS3
Reading for meaning
Step 7
There is a well-structured, conceptualised argument in response to the task with perceptive exploration of explicit and implicit meanings. There is synthesis of evidence from across the text/s with judicious use of precise quotation to support interpretations.
Step 6
There is sustained and developed response to the task which expresses thoughtful ideas about explicit and implicit meanings. Apt quotations are increasingly integrated into interpretations.
Step 5
There is a detailed response to the task which shows detailed understanding. A range of inferences have been made. There is effective use of a range of quotations to support the ideas expressed.

Step 4
There is an explained response to the task which shows clear understanding. At least one clear inference has been made. A range of relevant quotations have been selected and commented; comments are securely rooted in the text.
Step 3
There is an explained response to the task which shows understanding of the extract and the whole text. There is an attempt to infer/interpret information. Relevant quotations have been selected and commented on. However, the comments are not always accurate or securely rooted in the text.
Step 2
There is a supported response to the text and task which shows understanding of the extract and/or the whole text. There is at least one reference to the whole text. There is selection of, mostly relevant, quotations to support comments.
Step 1
Simple comments are made which show some understanding of the text, which may be an extract e.g. accuracy when responding to true or false statements. There is an attempt to select relevant quotations e.g. use of paraphrase when responding to a ‘List 4 things…’ task.
Step 0
There is little or no understanding of what has been read even when responding to simple texts or extracts. If there is any textual reference then it is irrelevant or inaccurate.

We allocated each child invisible pathway based on whether their end of KS2 attainment was low, middle or high using the same criteria as RAISE online:
Low = below Level 4
Middle = at Level 4
High = above Level 4

We then judged what would be expected progress for a child with each of these starting points and mapped a nominal pathway for them.


Step 0
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Low
Year 7 below
Year 7 expected
Year 7 good
Year 7 exceptional
Middle
Year 7 below
Year 7 expected
Year 7 good
Year 7 exceptional
High
Year 7 below
Year 7 expected
Year 7 good
Year 7 exceptional
Low
Year 8 below
Year 8 expected
Year 8 good
Year 8 exceptional
Middle
Year 8 below
Year 8 expected
Year 8 good
Year 8 exceptional
High
Year 8 below
Year 8 expected
Year 8 good
Year 8 exceptional
Low
Year 9 below
Year 9 expected
Year 9 good
Year 9 exceptional
Middle
Year 9 below
Year 9 expected
Year 9 good
Year 9 exceptional
High
Year 9 below
Year 9expected
Year 9 good
Year 9 exceptional


The new KS3 assessment objectives are mapped across the curriculum in Years 7-9 to ensure they are appropriately interleaved and that they build cumulatively.

The formal assessments are marked against a mark scheme generated by the DHoF from our master grid of assessment criteria - this ain't no APP grid!

After each of the formal assessments, teachers enter their marks onto a tracking document which then generates a progress outcome for each child. This gives the HoF/DHoF a live overview of the strengths/weaknesses of every child in the cohort, but also flags up students who aren't yet making expected progress so that appropriate interventions can be put in place.



What happens next?

Inspired initially by the outcome of the DfE workload reports, formal assessments are going termly rather than half-termly. This will halve data entry for teachers, but will also benefit students by allowing greater flexibility in curriculum delivery and building revision skills vital for a 100% exam GCSE course. I am hopeful it'll also support Faculty leaders to ensure that all data gathered is acted upon. 

We've also amended the wording of the assessment criteria for clarity and to make it more succinct (on reflection, 'variety of' is about as woolly as a sheep's coat). 

But, other than that, we're feeling pleased that the system we've ended up works for us, our students, and our wider school community. The emphasis really is on the learning, progress judgements are used as a marker on a journey and not a stick to beat students with, and there's finally a way of creating consistently high expectations for all students regardless of their starting point.

Surely that deserves a second WOO!